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According to Islamic tradition, which criticism may question or contradict, the Quran followed a passage from heaven down to the angel [[Gabriel#Islam|Gabriel]] (Jabreel) who revealed it in the seventh century CE over 23 years to a [[Hejaz]]i Arab trader, [[Muhammad]] (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him), who became the Prophet of Islam.<ref name="Ayaz-response"/>{{#tag:ref|Muhammad (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) relayed God's revelation to the early Muslims, and many of his contemporary nonbelievers/opponents maintained he (Muhammad) (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) was the true origin of the Quran. Numerous verses of the Quran (Q.6:50, 7:203, 10:15, 10:37, 10:109, 13:38 and 33:2) vehemently deny that the Qur’an was Muhammad's (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) own work, or that he was doing anything other than following what was revealed to him by God.<ref name=RARDtQ2017:69>[[#RARDtQ2017 |Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur’an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur’an", ''GJAT'', 7, 2017]]: p.69</ref>|group=Note}}
Muhammad (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) shared these revelations -- which brought uncompromising monotheism to humanity -- with his [[companions of the Prophet|companions]] who wrote them down and/or memorized them.<ref>John Esposito, ''Islam the Straight Path'', Extended Edition, p.19-20</ref> From these memories and scraps, a standard edition was carefully complied and edited under the supervision of [[Uthman#Compilation_of_the_Quran|Caliph Uthman]] not long after Muhammad's (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) death.<ref name=TWLUI1982:63-4>[[#TWLUI1982|Lippman, ''Understanding Islam'', 1982]]: p.63-4</ref>
Copies of this [[codex]] or "''[[Mus'haf]]''" were sent to the major centers of what was by this time a rapidly expanding empire, and all other incomplete or "imperfect" variants of the Quranic revelation were ordered by Uthman to be destroyed.<ref>(Burton, ''The Sources of Islamic Law'', 1990, pp. 141–42 – citing Ahmad b. `Ali b. Muhammad al `Asqalani, ibn Hajar, "Fath al Bari", 13 vols, Cairo, 1939/1348, vol. 9, p. 18).</ref> In the next few centuries, the religion and empire of Islam solidified, and an enormous body of religious literature and laws were developed, including commentaries/exegeses (''[[Tafsir]]'') to explain the Quran.
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